De quoi les infirmières nouvellement diplômées ont-elles réellement besoin lors de leur transition vers des fonctions cliniques ?
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.81285Résumé
Contexte : La transition entre le statut d'étudiant infirmier et celui d'infirmier clinicien est une période critique pour les infirmiers nouvellement diplômés (NGN), souvent accompagnée de multiples défis. Il est essentiel de comprendre leurs besoins professionnels pendant cette transition afin de concevoir des interventions de soutien ciblées qui favorisent l'adaptation, l'intégration professionnelle et la rétention de la main-d'œuvre. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à explorer les besoins perçus des NGN lors de leur transition vers des postes d'infirmiers cliniciens dans des services médicaux et chirurgicaux.
Méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude descriptive qualitative à l'aide d'une analyse de contenu inductive. Nous avons recruté 21 NGN dans des hôpitaux universitaires affiliés à l'Université des sciences médicales de Téhéran, en Iran, à l'aide d'un échantillonnage raisonné. Nous avons collecté des données au moyen d'entretiens semi-structurés et approfondis. Nous avons analysé les données à l'aide de l'approche d'analyse de contenu conventionnelle en cinq étapes de Graneheim et Lundman et avons appliqué les critères de Lincoln et Guba pour garantir la fiabilité.
Résultats : Notre analyse a donné lieu à 792 codes, classés en sept thèmes clés : (1) besoins en matière de promotion de la santé, (2) besoins en matière de soutien organisationnel, (3) besoins sociaux, (4) besoins en matière de programme d'orientation, (5) besoins éducatifs, (6) besoins en matière de soutien psychologique et (7) besoins émotionnels.
Conclusion : Les NGN sont confrontés à des défis multidimensionnels et complexes lors de leur transition vers la pratique clinique, auxquels ils ne sont pas entièrement préparés. Il est essentiel de répondre à ces besoins pour améliorer l'intégration professionnelle et atténuer les effets négatifs tels que l'épuisement professionnel, le stress au travail et l'intention de démissionner. Nos conclusions soulignent le besoin urgent de programmes de soutien structurés et fondés sur des données probantes, intégrant une orientation complète, des interventions éducatives sur mesure et des systèmes de soutien psychologique et organisationnel solides. Nous recommandons aux responsables infirmiers et aux décideurs politiques de donner la priorité à des stratégies ciblées afin de faciliter une transition plus harmonieuse et plus efficace, ce qui permettra en fin de compte d'améliorer la rétention du personnel infirmier et la qualité des soins aux patients.
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