Où se situe la médecine du mode de vie dans les programmes d'études médicales de premier cycle au Canada ? Une analyse de contenu
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.81526Résumé
Contexte : La médecine du mode de vie (MdV) met l'accent sur la prévention et la prise en charge des maladies non transmissibles grâce à des interventions comportementales et thérapeutiques fondées sur les données probantes. Malgré l'efficacité reconnue de la MdV, son intégration dans les programmes d'études médicales de premier cycle (undergraduate medical education-UGME) au Canada reste largement inexplorée.
Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé une méthodologie d'analyse sommative du contenu combinant des approches déductive et inductive. Nous avons recueilli les descriptions des cours et des programmes accessibles au public pour chaque programme d'UGME à travers le Canada. De plus, nous avons contacté les doyens/responsables des programmes d'études afin d'obtenir des documents supplémentaires sur les programmes d'études. Les documents ont été codés en fonction des références à divers domaines de la MdV tels que définis par l'American College of Lifestyle Medicine (LM) et la British Society of LM.
Résultats : L'échantillon comprenait 13 programmes d'UGME, avec 1327 documents inclus dans la révision finale. Une variabilité notable entre les établissements a été observée en ce qui concerne l'intégration de la MdV. Les thèmes liés à la MdV étaient plus fréquemment inclus dans les cours précliniques et obligatoires que dans les stages cliniques et les cours optionnels. Il convient de noter que la nutrition, le bien-être mental et l'activité physique étaient les thèmes les plus fréquemment abordés, tandis que la santé du sommeil et les liens sociaux étaient moins représentés.
Conclusions : À notre connaissance, cette étude est la première à cartographier officiellement les pratiques actuelles d'intégration de la MdV dans les programmes canadiens de premier cycle. Bien qu'il y ait eu certaines limites à l'étude (par exemple, l'exclusion de 25 % des programmes canadiens de formation médicale préclinique), cette cartographie est essentielle pour identifier l'état actuel des programmes d'études et éclairer les futures initiatives éducatives visant à améliorer les connaissances et les compétences des stagiaires en MdV. Cela pourrait à son tour contribuer à réduire les facteurs de risque modifiables des maladies non transmissibles et à améliorer la santé de la population.
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© David Vaz, Sarah Ibrahim, Aleksandra Pikula 2025
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